. Blood group.
There are four blood groups: A, B, AB, and O
. Rhesus factor.
This is found in the red blood cells. When it is present it is known as Rhesus positive. The majority of people are Rhesus positive. However 15-17% of the population are Rhesus negative (the Rhesus factor is not present).
. Antibodies.
Your body may produce antibodies if your blood has had contact with a blood slightly different from your own. For example if you have had a blood transfusion in the past or if you have had a previous baby that is Rhesus positive and you are Rhesus negative.
. Haemoglobin level.
It is important to know if you are anaemic (low in iron) so you can be advised on the best method of treatment. Because haemoglobin levels are likely to fall during pregnancy this test is offered again at 28 weeks pregnant.
. Rubella.
It is important to know if you are immune to rubella as this infection can cause damage to the baby in early pregnancy (less than 16 weeks). Most women in the U.K. have been vaccinated against rubella
. Syphilis.
This sexually transmitted disease is dangerous for the baby if the mother is not treated. Syphilis is easily treated with antibiotics. If the mother tests positive for syphilis, partner testing is strongly recommended.
. Sickle cell and Thalassaemia.
These are blood disorders that can affect the pregnancy and the baby. You will need to be referred to a specialist counsellor if you are diagnosed with either of these conditions and partner testing will be strongly advised to assess the risk of the baby having the condition.
. Hepatitis B.
This virus affects the liver. You can be a carrier of Hepatitis B without having any symptoms. If you are a carrier your baby will be offered a vaccination at 1, 2, and 12 months of age.
. HIV.
This virus can be passed to your baby during pregnancy and/or at the time of birth. If you are HIV positive there are drugs that can be used to keep you and your baby well.