A screening test is offered to all new born babies in the days shortly after birth (typically 5 - 8). Depending on the health authority the blood is screened for up to five disorders:

. Phenylketonuria (PKU).
This is a condition which affects the individuals ability to metabolise a particular amino acid. If this condition is not treated it can lead to severe mental handicap.
. Congenital hypothyroidism.
This condition is characterised by a lack of the hormone thyroxine. Without this hormone normal growth cannot occur. The condition is treated with supplements of the growth hormone.
. Cystic Fibrosis.
This is an inherited condition that affects the lungs and digestive system.
. Medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD).
This condition is characterised by the impairment of fat metabolism. Modifying the diet can reduce the symptoms.
. Sickle cell disease.
This is a blood disorder which affects the shape of the red blood cells and reduces their ability to transport oxygen around the body.